The Science of Workplace Investigations Training

Workplace investigators often receive training on “best practices” for investigations. Unfortunately, over the past 15 years, scientists have found that much of the conventional wisdom on how to effectively interview witnesses and determine truthfulness is wrong. At the same time, courts have found companies liable for using scientifically unproven interviewing and other investigative techniques in workplace investigations.

This seminar, taught by former U.S. Department of Justice attorney Michael Johnson, reviews hundreds of research studies that scientists have conducted on how to best interview witnesses and assess credibility. He will teach you how to apply these scientifically-validated methods to your investigations and by examining videos and case studies you will learn:

• How to utilize the “Cognitive Interview,” which is the most widely researched interviewing technique in the world
• How many common beliefs about spotting deception are incorrect
• How to apply research-based methods for detecting signs of deception and truthfulness
• The legal requirements for workplace investigations
• A 6-step process for writing clear and concise investigative reports

Applying the latest research related to investigative interviewing, this section of the training covers:

• How to use a journalistic instead of a prosecutorial interview style.
• How to use the “Funnel Method” to gather all relevant information from each witness.
• How to utilize the “Cognitive Interview,” which is the most widely researched interviewing technique in the world.
• How to use, in certain cases, advanced questioning techniques proven to make it easier to differentiate between truthful and deceptive responses, such as:
  • Asking the person to draw the event.
  • Asking the person to tell you what happened in reverse order.
  • Asking unexpected questions.
• Why you should never reveal to a witness that you do not believe him or her until the end of the interview (or a subsequent interview).
• How to respectfully challenge a witness whose answers contradict other witnesses or the evidence.

Scientists have found that most stereotypical beliefs about deception are incorrect. For example, liars are NOT more likely to avoid eye contact or appear fidgety. In this section of the course, you will examine numerous videos and transcripts to learn what are accurate and inaccurate cues to deception and truthfulness. In this section you will:

• Test your ability to spot deception or truthfulness by watching a video of a suspect interview.
• Learn how to strategically approach “he said/she said” cases or cases where there are no eyewitnesses.
• Learn which cues to deception have been scientifically validated and which are based on myth.
• Learn why cues related to “cognitive effort” are much more predictive of deception than cues related to nervousness.
• Learn cues to deception and truthfulness related to verbal content and verbal style.
• Learn linguistic cues to deception and truthfulness.
• Learn the few non-verbal cues that are associated with deception.

In this section, you will analyze several case studies and will receive step-by-step guidance on how to handle difficult legal and practical dilemmas that investigators often face. At the end of this section, you will be able to answer the following questions:

• How many investigators should be present during an investigative interview?
• What do I do if an employee refuses to be interviewed or otherwise cooperate?
• What should I do if the accused brings an attorney, co-worker, or friend to the investigative interview?
• Under what circumstances should I reveal the names of witnesses?
• What are the factors to consider in imposing discipline?

After learning researched-based methods for handling interviews and investigations, this section will introduce you to important documentation and reporting principles. Among other things, you will learn:

• How to use the investigative report to plan and continually update your investigation strategy.
• What to include and not include in the report to ensure that it is legally defensible.
• How to best document facts and credibility determinations.
• How to maintain attorney-client privilege, where applicable.
• How to overcome “writer’s block” to greatly increase the speed at which you write.
• How to write a report that is not only comprehensive but also clear and concise.

In the two-day course, attendees will also participate in two role-play exercises where each person gets to practice the interviewing and other investigation techniques learned in the course.